胡椒科3种植物内生真菌的鉴定及多样性分析

Identification and Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Endophytic Fungi from Three Kinds of Piperaceae

从胡椒科的胡椒、假蒟、蒌叶3种植物叶、枝条(茎)、根、花和果实共1624个表面消毒的组织块中,分离获得1648个内生菌株,包括内生细菌81株,内生真菌1567株。其中,内生真菌分属于9目、10科、20个属,主要归属于半知菌类和子囊菌门。结果表明:刺盘孢属(Colletotrichum spp.)为5种组织中的优势属,于叶片、茎及果中最多;炭角菌(Xylaria spp.)在叶片、茎及果实中仅次于刺盘孢属的优势属;短梗霉属(Aureobasidium sp.)为花轴及根的优势属;芽枝霉属(Cladosporium sp.)只在叶片中分离到;多节孢属(Nodulisporium spp.)仅在茎部组织中分离到;青霉属(Penicillium sp.)只在根组织中分离到。3种植物的不同组织中定殖率最低的为蒌叶根,仅25.00%;最高的为假蒟叶,高达96.23%。胡椒的分离率以茎最高,为1.3681,蒌叶、假蒟均以叶最高,分别为1.1667和1.5112。5种组织中多样性指数为叶、茎最高,花轴与根相似性最小,叶片与果相似性最大;3种植物中,胡椒与假蒟的相似性大于与蒌叶的相似性。

1648 strains of endophytic were isolated from 1624 surface sterilization tissues which from leaves, stems, roots,flowers and fruits of Piper nigrum Linn, Piper betle L., and Piper sarmentosum Roxb.81 strains of endophytic bacteria, 1567 strains of endophytic fungi were grouped to 20 genera, 10 families, 9 orders.The fungi were composed of Ascomycetes and imperfect fungi.The primary study showed that Colletotrichum spp.were the predominant fungi of the five tissues favorably exhibited in leaves, stems and fruits.Xylaria spp.were the second dominant fungi.Cladosporium sp.was only isolated from leaves, Nodulisporium spp.were only isolated from stems.Penicillium sp.was only isolated from roots.The highest colonization rate of 96.23% come from the leavs of Piper sarmentosum Roxb, while the lowest colonization rate of 25.00% come from the roots of Piper betle L.The highest isolation rate of Piper nigrum Linn of 1.3681 come from the stems.The highest isolation rate of 1.1667, 1.5112 of Piper betle L.and Piper sarmentosum Roxb come from leaves.The highest diversity index were from leaves and stems.The smallest similarity was flowers and roots, and the highest similarity was leaves and fruits.The similarity between Piper nigrum Linn and Piper betle L.was bigger than with Piper sarmentosum Roxb.