甲醛对职业人群危害性的调查

Investigation on Harmfulness of Formaldehyde on Population with Occupational Exposure

目的探讨甲醛对职业人群的危害性并作相应分析。方法从2008年9月—2009年10月南通市甲醛作业人员中选86名作业工人为接触组,选取92名不接触甲醛的工人为对照组,对两组进行血常规、神经行为功能测试(WHO-NCTB)、肺功能的检查,并对甲醛作业环境进行职业卫生调查。结果接触组Hb、WBC、PLT结果偏低检出率均高于对照组,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义。神经行为功能测试中情感状况得分显示:接触组中除有力—好动测试得分低于对照组外,其余均高于对照组;且困惑—迷茫、忧郁—沮丧、有力—好动得分两组之间差异有统计学意义;接触组肺功能测试结果中FEV1.0%、V25(L/S)、V50(L/S)、MMEF(L/S)均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义。采集甲醛作业车间空气样品20份,甲醛浓度为(2.03±1.30)mg/m3,超标点5个,占25%;结论长期职业性接触甲醛对人体血象有一定影响,可导致工人精神情绪改变和工人阻塞性肺通气功能障碍。

[Objective]To discuss the harmfulness of formaldehyde on population with occupational exposure.[Methods]A total of 86 workers with formaldehyde exposure from September 2008 to October 2009 in Nantong City were selected as exposed group,another 92 workers without formaldehyde exposure were selected as control group. Routine blood test and the WHO-recommended Neurobehavioral Core Test Battery （WHO-NCTB） test and pulmonary function examination were performed on the workers of the 2 groups. Occupational health survey was conducted on the operating environment with formaldehyde exposure.[Results]Hb,WBC and PLT results of exposed group were all higher than those of the control group,the differences were significant. The emotional state score of neurobehavioral function test showed that exposed group got higher test scores than control group except for strong-hyperactivity test; the scores of confused-confusion,depressed-depression,strong-hyperactivity between the 2 groups were significantly different; Pulmonary function test results showed FEV1.0%,V25（L/s）,V50（L/s）,MMEF（L/s） of the exposure group were significantly lower than those of the control group,the differences were significant. Twenty air samples were collected in the operating environment with formaldehyde exposure,the concentration was（2.03±1.30）mg/m3. Formaldehyde concentrations of 5 points （25%） exceeded the standards.[Conclusion] Long-term occupational exposure to formaldehyde has a certain effect on human hemogram,it can lead to mental or emotional changes and obstructive pulmonary ventilation dysfunction on workers.