口腔脱落细胞微核技术在职业性铅暴露人员中的应用

Application of Micronucleus Test of buccal mucosal cells on Workers with Occupational Lead Exposure

目的探讨口腔脱落细胞微核技术在探测铅暴露人群遗传损伤中的应用价值。方法选择生产过程中接触不同浓度铅的某铅酸电池厂工人为接触组,按空气中铅浓度高低分为低浓度组(76名男性工人)和中浓度组(89名男性工人),同厂男性管理人员78名为对照组,分别进行口腔黏膜脱落细胞微核和外周血淋巴细胞微核测试。结果 2种浓度的铅暴露组的口腔黏膜脱落细胞微核率[低浓度组:(3.58±2.49)‰;中浓度组:(4.16±2.32)‰]明显高于对照组[(2.85±2.03)‰],两种浓度铅接触组人员的血淋巴细胞微核率[低浓度组:(3.38±2.16)‰;中浓度组:(4.37±2.43)‰]明显高于对照组[(2.17±1.48)‰],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在职业性铅暴露人群中,口腔黏膜脱落细胞微核试验和外周血淋巴细胞微核试验有相关关系(r=0.227～0.361,P<0.05)。结论口腔黏膜脱落细胞微核试验可以作为简易的检测手段,用于对铅暴露作业人员遗传损伤的检测的筛查。

[Objective]To investigate the application of micronucleus test of buccal mucosal cells in monitoring the genetic effect of lead in the workers with occupational lead exposure.[Methods]Male workers with occupational lead exposure of different concentration in a plumbous acid battery plant were selected as the study objects. The study objects were divided into low concentration group （86 male workers） and medium concentration group （79 male workers） according to the air lead concentration in workplace. Another 75 health male managerial staffs were selected as the control group. The micronucleus test of buccal mucosal cells and peripheral blood lymphocyte were performed.[Results]The rates of micronucleus in buccal mucosul cells in 2 lead exposure groups[the low concentration group：（3.58±2.49）‰;the medium concentration group：（4.16±2.32）‰] were significantly higher than that in the control group[（2.85±2.03）‰]. The rate of blood micronucleus in 2 lead exposure group [the low concentration group：（3.38±2.16）‰; the medium concentration group：（4.37±2.43）‰]was significantly higher than that in the control group[2.17±1.48）‰]（P0.05）There was the correlation between the micronucleus test of buccal mucosul cells and the micronucleus test of the peripheral blood lymphocyte in the population with occupational lead exposure （r=0.227-0.361,P0.05）.[Conclusion]The micronucleus test of buceal mucosal cells can be used for screening of genetic damage on lead exposed workers with simple test method.