沈阳市夏秋季节大气细颗粒物元素浓度及分布特征

Trace element concentrations and distribution of atmospheric fine particles in the summer-fall in Shenyang

为获得沈阳市不同功能区细颗粒物元素的浓度和分布特征,于2007年8月21～9月6日,用安德森分级撞击式采样器在沈阳市4个采样点进行大气颗粒物分级采样,并用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)对PM1中50种元素进行分析.通过富集因子和经验正交函数分析,讨论了沈阳市夏秋季节细颗粒物中元素的组成及来源.结果表明,沈阳市夏秋季节PM1浓度明显比冬季低,且低于广州、北京等国内城市的浓度,但比青藏高原冰川区的浓度高1个量级以上,也高于意大利热那亚和佛罗伦萨等城市.沈阳市不同功能区PM1的污染程度为铁西工业区>气象局商业居民区>科研所交通餐饮区>棋盘山风景区;富集因子和经验正交函数分析表明,除自然源外,各功能区污染来源有所不同,交通运输、道路扬尘、餐饮业和工业的排放均对PM1有重要贡献.

A study was carried out on trace element concentration and distribution of atmospheric aerosols（PM1） from 21,August to 6,September,2007 in Shenyang.Concentrations of 50 trace elements determined by collected samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry（ICP-MS,Thermo-Elemental Corp）.Based on an analysis of enrichment factors and empirical orthogonal function,the elemental compositions and sources of fine particles were discussed in this work.PM1 concentration in late summer and early autumn was much lower than that in winter.Influenced by different pollution sources in each sampling area,the pollution level of PM1 in different regions reduced progressively from Tiexi industrial region,commercial and residential region in meteorological bureau,main traffic region in institute of atmospheric environment and to Qipan Mountain scenic spots.Analysis of Enrichment factors and empirical orthogonal function suggests that anthropogenic sources including automobile emissions,smelting restaurant,suspension of street dusts and chemical industry all played important roles besides natural emission sources during this period.