中国稻田施氮技术研究进展

Research Advances of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Technologies in Chinese Rice Field

提高N肥利用率,加强稻田养分管理已经成为水稻生产中研究的热点。针对我国稻田N肥利用率低和N素损失严重的现状,综述了国内外提高稻田N肥利用率技术途径的研究进展,包括改进施肥方法(确定适宜施N量、N肥深施、前N后移、平衡施肥、有机与无机肥配施、水肥综合管理)、新型肥料的研制(硝化抑制剂、脲酶抑制剂、表面分子膜、缓控释肥)、计算机决策支持系统指导施肥和实时、实地N肥管理等。展望了今后需要加强研究的几方面工作。

To increase nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency and to enhance rice field nutrient management has been a focus of rice production. It is very important to consider the current situation of low fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency and serious nitrogen losses in China. Recent advances in technologies in increasing fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency were introduced in this paper, the technologies include improving fertilization methods （determining the proper amount of nitrogen use, deep placement, postponing nitrogen fertilizer application time, balancing fertilization, cooperating organic and inorganic fertilizer, irrigation and fertilization management）, developing new types of fertilizers （urease inhibitors, nitrification inhibitors, surface film, slowly release and controlled release fertilizers）, computer-based decision support systems and real-time and site-specific nitrogen management to decrease nitrogen losses. Finally, some future emphases were prospected.