农业面源污染影响因子及控制技术的研究现状与展望

Research Status and Prospect on Influential Factors and Control Technology of Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution:A Review

面源污染的严重性受到国内外普遍关注,并已成为国际水环境问题研究的活跃领域。本文在简要介绍农业面源污染发生机理和特征的基础上,首先综述了土地利用方式、农田耕作、田间水肥管理、地形地貌、气候水文特征和社会经济因素等农业面源污染影响因子的研究现状,然后从人工湿地技术、前置库技术、缓冲带技术、水土保持技术、农田养分管理技术和农业生态工程技术等几个方面阐述了近年来国内外农业面源污染控制技术的最新研究进展,并结合我国实际提出今后农业面源污染的研究重点。

The severity of non-point source pollution has caused wide public concern all over the world, and non-point source pollution has become into one of the most active international study fields of water environment. Based on the brief introduction of the occurrence mechanisms and the characters of agricultural non-point source pollution, this paper firstly summarized the research status of the influential factors of agricultural non-point source pollution, which include land use type, crop cultivation, management of irrigation and fertilization, terrains and landforms, characteristics of climate and hydrology, soc-economic factors and so on, then described the latest research progresses on the control technology of agricultural non-point source pollution in recent years, which include the constructed wetland technology, pretank technology, buffer zone technology, water ＆ soil conservation technology and agricultural ＆ ecological engineering technology, finally put forward the research emphases of agricultural non-point source pollution in the future in accordance with China＇s actual situation.