试论行政处罚实施权运行模式的确定

On the Operating Mode of the Implementation Power in the Administrative Punishment

本文围绕行政权与司法权的联系和区别,行政处罚实施权与司法权、行政权的关系,决定行政处罚实施权运行模式的因素以及行政处罚实施权运行模式的发展演变等四个方面进行分析,提出不能简单地把行政处罚实施权归属为司法权或行政权,而应区分其是在行政还是司法的模式下运行。并且提出,确定行政处罚实施权运行模式,完全取决于实际需要,受行政处罚措施性质、不同管理领域发展阶段的限制,必须根据具体情况灵活采取不同模式。行政处罚实施权运行模式的选择不是一个恒定结果,而是一个动态的、权衡的演变过程。当前,我国行政处罚实施权运行仍以行政模式为主,但在部分领域应当更多地引入司法因素,其司法化改革应分领域、有步骤地实施。

This paper focuses on the four aspects including the connection and difference of executive power and judicial power, the re- lationships among the implementation power of the administrative punishment, judicial power and executive power and the determinants and developments of the operating mode of the above - mentioned implementation power. The analysis comes to a conclusion that the implementation power of administrative punishment cannot be simply attributed to the category of judi- cial power or executive power. Instead, the distinction of judicial mode and executive mode makes more sense. Further- more, the operation mode is totally up to the practical need, to the nature of administrative punishment and different stages of management and flexible to different situations. The choice of mode is not a constant but a dynamic evolution. At present, the main nature of China＇s implementation power should be executive with some judicial factors introduced in some areas. The reform should be carried on steo by steo in different domains.