论“电子警察”取证的合法性

Study on the Legality of Evidence Gathering by the Electronic Police

电子警察是道路交通管理部门用以获取道路交通违法行为信息,获取违法证据的交通技术监控设备。在目前电子警察广泛运用的同时,电子警察记录、固定违法行为证据是否具有合法性,尚没有形成广泛的共识。本文首先分析了电子警察取证的特征、与交通警察取证的区别,以及交通警察取证的本质;其次,论证了电子警察的法律地位,提出电子警察是交通管理部门设置、代表交通管理部门、代替交通警察记录、固定交通违法行为证据的拟制人的观点;最后从电子警察取证的法律依据、取证的形式、取证的种类以及程序方面论述了电子警察取证的合法性。

Electronic Police refers to the traffic-supervising technical equipment, utilized by the traffic administrative authority to collect information on illegal traffic behaviors and then to preserve the evidence concerned. While Electronic Police are widely used today, a common consensus on the legitimacy and admissibility of such records and evidence has not yet been reached. This paper first analyzes the characteristics of evidencegathering by Electronic Police, the differences between evidence-gathering by Electronic Police and conventional police, and the essence of evidence-gathering by conventional police. Secondly, this paper discusses the legal status of the Electronic Police and argues that the Electronic Police is essentially a hypothetical person set up by the traffic administrative authority to record and preserve the evidence of illegal traffic behaviors on behalf of the traffic administrative authority and conventional police. Finally, the paper elaborates on the legality of the evidence-gathering by the Electronic Police from perspectives of the legal system, practices, and types and procedure of gathering evidence.