重大环境污染事故罪相关问题探析——兼论不处理垃圾罪的增设

On the Relevant Issues of the Crime of Serious Environmental Pollution Accident——concurrently analyzing the Addition of the Crime of Non-Treatemnt of Waste

重大环境污染事故罪之危害行为既可以是作为形式又可以是不作为形式,当排污主体不具有排污权或虽具有排污权但没有能力处理废物达到排污标准的情形时,排污这种危害行为是作为的形式,当具有排污权并有能力处理废物达到标准而超标排污时,则危害行为表现为不作为的形式。建议对《刑法》第338条进行增设危险犯、条文表述以及刑罚设置等进行修改,增设第2款,对有放射性废物、含传染病病原体的废物、有毒物质或者其他危险废物之外的废物所造成重大环境污染事故,或者致使公私财产遭受重大损失、人身伤亡的严重后果的行为进行规制,并增设不处理垃圾罪,以加强相关机构和人员的环保责任。

The crime of serious environmental pollution accident can be committed in the form of actions or inaction.Where the principal has the right to discharge pollution but is not able to treat the waste so as to meet the pollution discharge standards,the harmful action is in the form of action.Where it is entitled to discharge pollution and is able to treat the waste up to the standards but discharges pollution out of limits,the harmful action is in the form of inaction.It is suggested to add or amend dangerous criminal,article presentation and penalty arrangement in Article 338 of the Criminal Law and add the second paragraph to regulate the serious environmental pollution accidents because of the waste except the radioactive waste,waste contaminated with the pathogen of infectious diseases,poisonous substance or other dangerous waste,or regulate the actions that caused serious consequences such as great loss to the public or private property and/or death or personal injury.It is also suggested to add the crime of non-treatment of waste so as to stress the environmental liability of the relevant institutes and personnel.