美国国家安全委员会第73号系列文件对朝鲜战争走向的影响

NSC73 and the US Policy-Making of Localizing the War during the Korean War

朝鲜战争初期,美国国家安全委员会为研判苏联动向而拟定的NSC73号系列文件,从全球战略视角出发,既明确了要避免因朝鲜战争而引发世界大战,提出了战争局部化的战略目标;又强调要夺回遏制共产主义扩张的主动权,为越过三八线的决策提供了重要依据,从而迫使中国出兵朝鲜。联合国军越过三八线、中国出兵朝鲜和苏联的牵制作用,对朝鲜战争走向产生了根本性的影响。

In the early stage of the Korean War, US National Security Council drew up a series of documents of NSC73 to estimate the possible movements of Soviet Union. From the perspective of global strategy, the documents not only make clear that U.S. had to try to avoid a global war which might be triggered by the Korean War, but also maintain that US must gain the initiative of containment strategy. Judging from this premise, NSC73 made detailed analyses of the movements of Soviet Union and China, the response of the United Nations and the way to coordinate with its allies, which reflected America＇ s comprehensive consideration in the strategic intention of the parties involved in the Korean War, and the political and military factors. NSC73 put forward the guiding ideology of localization of war for the first time, however, its judgment that Soviet Union will not dispatch troops to Korea became the important basis for American troops to cross the 38th Parallel.