语用肯定的焦点和隐性BE

Focus of Pragmatic Affirmation and Implicit BE

焦点问题多半是从语义学或句法学的角度来解释的。解释者意见互相抵牾,也难以解释太多的"例外"。文章认为,肯定的焦点常常是一个语用问题,而非只是语义—句法问题。因此,文章讨论了肯定句的语用性,即(1)语义值的语用性;(2)焦点凸显的语用手段;(3)语用肯定;(4)隐性BE。作者认为,听者解读肯定句的任务之一是区分语义肯定和语用肯定,区分显性和隐性BE/"是",并且理清多个BE/"是"的层级性。

Focus has been tackled from a semantic or syntactic perspective,leaving many problems and exceptions unsettled.This thesis reviews some recent research on affirmation scope and focus,focus-sensitive operators and major semantico-syntactic analyses.Thus the author expounds the pragmatics of affirmation,ie.a） the pragmatics of semantic value,b） pragmatics of affirmation focus（ing）,c） pragmatic affirmation,and d） implicit BE.He argues that what the hearer does is,among other things,to distinguish semantic from pragmatic affirmation,distinguish explicit from implicit BE,and in cases of more than one BE,sort out the hierarchy of the BE＇s.