白喉乌头种群生长动态初步研究

The primanry research on grouth dynamics of Aconitum leucostomum population

白喉乌头(Aconitum leucostomum)是新疆伊犁河谷山地草甸草地广泛分布的多年生有毒植物,严重危害着当地草原畜牧业的发展。为掌握其生长发育状态,为合理防治提供科学依据,对白喉乌头从返青到开花结实期(5月3日-7月17日)的高度(H)、密度(D)、株丛径(Z)和地上生物量(W)等每15d测定一次,监测其生长动态,并采用一元非线性拟合的方法,对白喉乌头的生长动态进行拟合,并对高度、密度、株丛径与地上生物量的关系进行了逐步回归分析。研究结果表明:白喉乌头的高度、株丛径和地上生物量随时间的增加而增大,其增长模型分别是:幂函数模型、Long-modified模型和幂函数模型,其拟合方程分别是H=4.6978T0.513551、Z=(494.1776+231.5106T)0.339913和W=2.6393T0.781408;白喉乌头的密度先增大后减小,符合房室模型,其方程式为D=114.7676e(-0.005049T)-100.8592e(-0.095765T);在同一时间高度、株丛径与地上生物量之间呈显著相关的回归关系:W=39.7814364+5.429432775H-7.108936940Z;高度是影响白喉乌头地上生物量最重要的因素。因此,可以通过控制高度来控制白喉乌头的繁殖。

Aconitum leucostomum is a perennial poisonous plant growing in the mountain meadow of Yili River Valley,Xinjiang and already seriously affects the development of animal husbandry.The height（H）,density（D）,diameter of bunch and above-ground biomass of A.leucostomum were monitored every 15 days from May 3rd to July 17th to reduce the harmfulness of this poisonous plant.The growth process of A.leucostomum was simulated by the monadic nonlinear curve.The relationship between the height,density,diameter of bunch and the above-ground biomass was used to establish the equations using stepwise regression analysis.This study indicated that the height,diameter and above-ground biomass increased with the increase of growth time,and the increase models were the power function model,Long-modified model and power function model as following：H = 4.697 8T 0.513 551,Z =（494.177 6＋231.510 6T）0.339 913,W = 2.639 3T 0.781 408.The density of A.leucostomum firstly increased and then decreased,the increase model was compartment model：D=114.7676e（-0.005 049T）-100.859 2e（-0.0957 65T）.Meanwhile,relationship between aboveground biomass and height and diameter of bunch was significant regression：W=39.781 436 4＋5.429 432 775H-7.108 936 940Z.The height was important factor affecting above-biomass of A.leucostomum.This study proposed that the harmfulness of A.leucostomum would be controlled by regulating its height.