论蒙古族国家级非物质文化遗产在戏剧类的缺失

Discussion on the absence of Mongolian nationality's national-grade non-material cultural heritage in drama

我国蒙古族非物质文化遗产十分丰富,在已颁布的国家级非物质文化遗产名录中十个类别的九类都有入选的项目,唯独在"传统戏剧"一类中缺失。造成蒙古族非物质文化中戏剧不发达的主要原因有二:一是蒙古族是典型的游牧民族,作为戏剧产生与兴盛的一个重要的外部条件——城市这一因素长期缺失,影响到蒙古族戏剧的出现;二是当蒙古族入主中原定居城市时,正是汉语言的元杂剧走向成熟之际,元杂剧中大量吸收了契丹、蒙古族等少数民族文学的多种艺术成分,成为汉族、蒙古族及其他民族共同喜爱的一种艺术形式,因而蒙古族长期以来没有进行本民族语言的戏剧创作。新中国成立后,我国出现了蒙古剧,至今仍在发展、完善。

Mongolian nationality has rich non-material cultural heritages,most of which are taken into the nine categories of the ten issued National-grade Non-material Cultural Heritages,except one category of ＂traditional drama＂.Drama is not prosperous in the Mongolian nationality＇s non-material cultural heritages,the reasons for it are firstly,Mongolia is a typical nomad nationality,the external condition for generation and development of drama—city has long been absent,which influences the appearance of Mongolian drama.Secondly,when the Mongolian nationality entered and was dominant in the city of the central plains（comprising the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River）,the Chinese language Yuan poetic drama set to music was flourishing.Yuan poetic drama absorbed many artistic elements of minority literature such as Qidan,Mongolian nationalities,etc.and became an artistic form liked by Han,Mongolia,and other nationalities,therefore,Mongolian nationality did not have drama works of their own national language.After the foundation of the new China,Mongolian drama appeared and was developing step by step.