唐宋婆娑石名实考

Investigation on "posuoshi" (Bezoar Stone) in Tang and Song Dynasties

文章立足于前人的研究成果,一方面对唐宋婆娑石相关文献进行批判考证,另一方面参照伊斯兰医学家比鲁尼的《宝石之书》中关于解毒石(bezoarstone)的描述,并从性状、功能、辨伪、习俗等方面对二者进行对比分析,进而得出结论:唐代婆娑石实际上指醒酒石,宋代婆娑石或摩娑石则主要指解毒石;而且,此药在当时非指一物,而是从伊斯兰世界输入的具有"卫生"和解毒功能的多种矿物及动物结石药的总称。从而解决了多年来困扰医学交流史和中外交通史的婆娑石名实问题。

Based on the retrospection and previous researches on posuoshi （婆娑石, bezoar, padzahr）, the author made a further investigation on the related Chinese documents and The Book Most Comprehensive in Knowledge on Precious Stones （by Al-Beruni）. The comparing analysis on property, nature, action, identification methods and customs indicates that posuoshi referred to xingjiushi （醛酒石） in Tang Dynasty, but mainly referred to bezoar in Song Dynasty. Moreover, posuoshi was a general name for many kinds of gemstones with the action of protecting life and soul, as well as resisting toxin including bezoar mineral and bezoar animal. Our conclusion clarified the nomenclature problem of posuoshi which has been perplexing the medical communication and other related affairs for many years.