论马克思的类概念

On Marx's Concept of Species

马克思的类概念不同于费尔巴哈以及此前的一切哲学而具有全新的内涵。马克思把自觉自由的活动当作类的生活和本质的主要表征,进而揭示出自然界是类的对象即"无机的机体",而社会即自我与他者的统一关系,既是类的存在方式又是类借以占有自己的自然存在的中介。马克思以人类社会和社会化的人类为立脚点,依据异化的扬弃与异化走着同一条道路,揭示出伴随异化的劳动的发展,必然扬弃私有制和分工,必然扬弃劳动的异化,并通过遭受普遍奴役因此要求废除人间一切奴役制的无产阶级的革命实践,必将实现人类解放,从而确立和实现类主体。

Marx＇s concept of species differs from Feuerbach, and has implied complex relationships between human and na ture, human and society, which could be each other＇s intermediary. This means it is essentially a socialized concept dealing with relations between self and others, so it is consistent with the concept of communism towards which all Marxist theory directed. The paper presents an analysis of the basic characteristics and actual circumstances of species, and the ways, preconditions to establish and realize species, as a new perspective on Marxist human studies, the theory of estranged labour and human liberation.