药物纳米微囊系统材料的选择及制备

Selection and preparation of medical nanocapules system materials

背景:药物纳米微囊系统凭借其生物相容性好,可降解,药物缓释等特点在临床用药上起到越来越重要的作用。不同种类的微囊发挥其各自独特的效应,正确的选择材料和制备方法能够起到良好的临床收效。目的:对药物微囊系统材料的选择,制备方法,释放机制进行简要的综述。方法:应用计算机检索2000/2010Elsevier全文数据库及中国维普中文科技期刊数据库。所有英文检索词为"drug delivery,nanocapsules,preparation methods,material choice,biodegradable material,chitosan,polyester material,realse mechanicsm"。中文检索词为"药物载体,纳米微囊,制备方法,高分子生物降解材料,磁性纳米材料,壳聚糖,聚酯类材料,微囊释放机制"。纳入药物纳米微囊系统基础研究、生物降解材料、临床应用等相关的文献。排除重复研究,内容、数据不完整或较陈旧的研究。结果与结论:药物纳米微囊系统与传统的给药方法相比,可以控制药物的释放,具有良好的靶向性和生物相容性,将药物浓聚在病灶组织,在临床上起到巨大的作用。但是由于药物纳米微囊系统仍处于研究的初级阶段,对于在临床上的长期效能,过敏反应,体内毒性作用等未做全面详细跟踪调查,缺乏长期实验。

BACKGROUND：Nanocapsule system plays an increasingly important role in clinical manipulation because of its better biocompatibility,biodegradation and drug delayed release.Each kind of such nanocapsules has its own specific effect.Correct choices for materials and preparation methods can make a good clinical effectiveness.OBJECTIVE：To briefly review the choice,preparation methods and release mechanisms of nanocapsule materials.METHODS：A computer-based online search of Elsevier and Vip Chinese Periodical Database was performed for articles published between 2000 and 2010 both in Chinese and English.The search was conducted respectively with the key words of ＂drug delivery,nanocapsules,preparation methods,material choice,biodegradable material,chitosan,polyester material,release mechanism＂ in English and ＂drug delivery,nanocapsules,preparation methods,polymer bio biodegradable material,magnetic nanomaterials,chitosan,polyester material,release mechanism＂ in Chinese.Researches about basic study of drug nanocapsule system,biodegradable materials,and clinical application were included.Irrelevant or repetitive articles,non-complete or outdated studies were excluded.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION：Compared with traditional medication,drug nanocapsules can control the release of drugs and has good targeting and biocompatibility which localize drugs in nidus.It will play an important role in clinical treatment.However,it is still in primary study,so more studies should focus on the long clinical potency,allergic response and toxicity in vivo.