土壤消毒技术

Soil Disinfection Technique

土壤消毒是一种快速、高效杀灭土壤中真菌、细菌、线虫、杂草、土传病毒、地下害虫、啮齿动物的技术,能很好地解决高附加值作物连续种植中的重茬问题,并显著提高作物的产量和品质。介绍了常用的物理消毒、化学消毒和生物熏蒸技术,并简述这些技术的特点。

Soil disinfection is an excellent method to kill fungus,bacterium,nematode,weeds,soil borne virus diseases,insects under ground and rodents quickly with high efficiency and has been used widely for more than half centry outside China.The measure can solve the problem taken by successive planting of crops with high additional value,and can take an obvious promotion to crops＇ yield and quality.This paper introduces the common soil disinfection technique including physical disinfection,chemical disinfection and bio-fumigation,and their characteristics.Physical method involves soil solarization,steam sterilization,disinfection with hot water,soil tillage,flame sterilization,ozone disinfection and radio-frequency disinfection.Chemical method takes fumigants,such as chloropicrin, metham and dazomet,into soil to kill pests by inject,drop irrigation,mixed with earth and capsules.Bio-fumigation is a measure of soil disinfection which uses toxic gas released from the compounds of crucifer and compositae plants such as glucosyl isothiocyanates,or some substance and microorganism producing ammonium to kill soil pests.