国家权力的介入与社区概念嬗变——对中国城市社区建设实践的理论反思

The Interference of State's Power and the Changes of Concepts of Community——Introspect to the Construction of City-community in China

20世纪90年代以来,中国进入了一个大规模的城市建设时期,城市基层社会在这一变动中产生激烈的动荡,90年代中期以来的城市社区建设运动正是对这一困境的回应。由此,我们必须认识到:中国城市社区绝不是一个自然形成的中性地域社会。国家权力的介入使"社区"这个源自西方的概念发生了很大变化;尤其是2000年之后,社区概念逐渐被政治化。社区成为国家构建出来的政治-社会空间,是国家为了解决单位制解体后城市社会整合与社会控制问题的治理单元。可见,"社区"概念在中国所经历的辉煌本土化历程是国家权力介入的结果,中国的社区建设实践更是在国家权力推动下进行的一场宏大的社会运动。对社区概念在本土化过程中的嬗变进行分析,有助于我们从理论上对中国的社区建设实践进行反思,为社区研究提供一种新的视角。

China has entered an age of a large-scale city community construction since 90's of 20th century.Since then,the basic society of China has changed a lot to respond it.We should know through it that community in China is not a neutral society instead of a political one.As a concept from the west,community has experienced a process of changes in China.Community has turned into a political-social space and become the tools of government to govern Chinese society.The localization of the concept of community in China is the result of the interference of state's power. The construction of city-community is also a political process pushed by the government.Research on this could help us with our own introspection to the construction of city-community.