2008年祁东县居民贫血状况及影响因素分析

Analysis on Anemia Status and Influencing Factors Among Residents of Qidong County in 2008

目的了解祁东县不同人群贫血流行特征及其相关影响因素。方法运用四阶段随机整群抽样方法抽取祁东县13个乡镇24051人,用面对面询问调查获得居民个人基本信息,用氰化高铁法测量血红蛋白;采用Logistic回归分析方法筛选贫血相关影响因素。结果祁东县居民贫血总患病率为13.6%,标化患病率为14.2%。男、女性粗患病率分别为10.8%、15.7%,标化率分别为10.0%、16.7%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);城乡粗患病率分别为11.3%、15.7%,标化率分别为12.3%、16.1%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。不论城镇和农村,均是2岁以下的婴幼儿、60岁及以上的老年人、20～59岁的女性贫血患病率较高。2岁以下婴幼儿贫血的相关影响因素是低出生体重、性别、父亲文化程度和母亲贫血状况,OR值分别为0.16、0.48、0.59和2.87;2岁及以上人群贫血的相关影响因素是年龄、性别、地区、家庭人口数和经济收入,OR值分别为1.21、1.63、1.46、0.91和0.88。结论祁东县居民贫血患病率较高,婴幼儿、老年人和生育期妇女是高危人群,应加强对高危人群贫血防治工作,改善贫血状况,提高居民健康水平。

Objective To understand the epidemiological features and determinants of anemia, and to provide a basis for anemia prevention and intervention in Qidong County. Methods A cross - sectional study was carried out. A total of 24,051 individuals were face- to - face interviewed and tested for hemoglobin from 13 counties by four - stage randomized cluster sampling. The risk factors were screened by Logistic regression analysis. Results The total prevalence rate and ageadjusted prevalence rate of anemia among the residents of Qideng County were 13.6% and 14.2%, respectively. Females＇ crude prevalence rate （15.7 % ） and age adjusted prevalence rate （16.7 % ） were both significantly higher than those of males （10.8 %, 10.0 % ）, and the difference was statistically significant （P〈 0.01）. The crude prevalence rate （15.7%） and ageadjusted prevalence rate （ 16.1% ） of the rural areas were both significantly higher than those of the urban areas （11.3 %, 12.3 % ）, and the difference was statistically significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Population aged 〈 2 years, ≥60 years and females aged 20-59 years had higher prevalence rate both in city and the rural areas. For people aged 〈2 years, the risk factors were low- birth- weight （OR = 0.16）, sex （OR = 0.48）, father＇ s education level （OR： 0.59） and mother＇ s anemia status （OR = 2.87）, while for other people, the risk factors were age （OR = 1.21）, sex （OR = 1.63）, region （OR = 1.46）, the number of family member （OR = 0.91）, and household income （OR = 0.88）. Conclusions The prevalence rate of anemia in Qideng is relatively high. Infant, the aged, and child- bearing women are the high- risk population. The anemia intervention measures should be enhanced to improve the anemia status and health level of the residents in Qidong County.