纳米颗粒在聚合物复合材料中的阻燃机理及其应用

Fire Retardancy Mechanisms of Nano-particles in Polymeric Composites and its Application

以粘土/固体环氧树脂体系为模型研究纳米颗粒在燃烧聚合物中的迁移行为,探讨其阻燃机理。发现纳米颗粒能够在熔融的聚合物中迁移,并在燃烧的聚合物表面富集,形成阻隔层。通过影响外界热量供给,减缓内部聚合物热解速率,同时在一定程度上阻隔聚合物裂解可燃成分的外溢,从而实现有效阻燃的目的。基于上述结论,在热固性树脂基复合材料表面预先植入碳纳米管、碳纳米纤维、粘土等纳米材料阻隔层,制备了阻燃型热固性树脂基复合材料。

In this work,clay/solid epoxy system is used as a model to investigate the migration of nano-particles in the combusting polymer matrix and study the fire retardancy mechanisms. It is found that clay particles can migrate to the combusting polymer surfaces and form a retardant layer. This retardant layer plays a determined role in improving the fire retardancy of composites through reducing reflex heat,slowing down the pyrolysis rate and keeping the pyrolyzed products from running into the air to some extent. This idea is successfully applied in thermoset fire retardant nanocomposites to pre-form one retardant layer of carbon nanobute,carbon nanofiber or clay on the outmost surface of nanocomposites.