内蒙古呼伦贝尔东部地区春季鸿雁巢址选择研究

Research on Nest-site Selection of Anser cygnoides in East Hulun Buir Area of Inner Mongolia in Spring

[目的]研究内蒙古呼伦贝尔东部地区鸿雁的巢址选择。[方法]通过野外调查获取巢址样方和非巢样点的数据,通过主成分分析确认鸿雁巢址选择的主要影响因子。[结果]数据的Z检验表明,只有巢周芦苇密度呈正态分布,距明水面距离、明水面面积、巢周芦苇面积、巢周芦苇高度、巢周芦苇密度、距人为干扰距离有显著差异。主成分分析表明,前4个主成分的特征值都大于1,并且其累计贡献率达到64.700%。第1主成分中岛的大小、巢周芦苇面积、巢周芦苇密度的贡献率达22.184%;第2主成分中巢周芦苇高度、距明水面距离的贡献率为16.546%;第3主成分中距人为干扰距离、巢下水深的贡献率为14.076%;第4主成分中距人为干扰距离、巢周芦苇盖度的贡献率是11.868%。在4个主成分中反映鸿雁繁殖期隐蔽与逃逸的因子占主要地位。[结论]该研究为鸿雁繁殖生境的保护提供了理论依据。

[Objective]The aim was to research nest-site selection of Anser cygnoides in East Hulun Buir area of Inner Mongolia. [Method]The data about nest-site plots and non-nest plots were obtained through wild investigation and the principal influence factors of nest-site selection of A. cygnoides were confirmed through principal component analysis. [Result]Z-test on data showed that only the density distribution of reeds around nest was normal. There was significant difference in distance from exposed water surface,area of exposed water surface,area,height and density of reeds around nest,and distance from human disturbance. The principal component analysis indicated that the eigenvalues of the former 4 principal components were bigger than 1 and their accumulative contribution rate reached 64. 7%. Among the 1st principal components,the contribution rate of land size,area and density of reeds around nest reached 22. 184% ; among the 2nd principal components,that of height of reeds around nest and distance from exposed water surface was 16. 546% ; among the 3rd principal components,that of distance from human disturbance and water depth under nest was 14. 076% ; among the 4th principal components,that of distance from human disturbance and reeds coverage around nest was 11. 868%. Among the 4 principal components,the factors reflecting hiding and escaping of A. cygnoides in reproductive stage accounted main position. [Conclusion]This research supplied theoretical direction for protecting reproductive habitat of A. cygnoides.