玛纳斯河流域近30年生态环境质量评价

Eco-environmental Quality Assessment of Manasi River Basin during the Recent 30 Years

以国家环境保护总局2006年颁布的《生态环境质量评价技术规范》为概念框架模型,对其中部分指标及权重进行了改进,构建了玛纳斯河流域生态环境质量评价指标体系,并且采用相关数据对该流域1976～2005年近30年的生态环境质量综合指数(EQI)进行了相关评价。结果表明,1976～2005年该流域生态环境质量指数由34.44提高到了48.26,流域的生物丰度指数、植被覆盖指数、土地退化指数有所下降,水网密度指数、环境质量指数和污染负荷指数则有所上升,流域生态环境好转和恶化并存,总体上,生态环境由较差状态转化为一般状态,生态环境质量在向良性循环方向发展;改进的生态环境质量综合指数(EQI)计算方法是符合研究区实际情况的。

Taking the Technical Specifications of Eco-environmental Quality Assessment enacted by the State Environmental Protection Administration in 2006 as the conceptual framework model and improving some indices and weights in the regulation,the eco-environmental assessment index system for Manas River Basin was established. Using the related data,the eco-environmental quality composite index（EQI）of this basin from 1976 to 2005 was assessed. The results indicated that the eco-environmental quality index increased from 34. 44 to 48. 26 during 1976 -2005. The biologic abundance index,vegetation coverage index and land degradation index decreased,while water reticulation density index,environmental quality index and pollution load index increased. The improvement and deterioration of the ecological environment coexisted in the river basin. As a whole,the poor state of the ecological environment in the river basin had turned to a general state and the eco-environmental quality was in the direction of the virtuous circle. The results also showed that the improved calculating method of EQI was fit for the actual situations of the research area.