小麦、玉米种子萌发对酸雨胁迫的响应

Research on the Response of Wheat and Corn Seed Germination to Acid Rain Stress

[目的]研究酸雨对小麦、玉米种子萌发的影响,揭示不同植物抗酸性程度,为评价酸雨对农作物造成的损失,指导农业生产提供理论依据。[方法]以pH值2.0、2.5、3.0、3.5、4.0、5.0的模拟酸雨溶液,研究小麦、玉米种子的萌发状况。[结果]pH值2.0时,小麦发芽率为0,玉米发芽率为47.62%。在pH值2.5～5.0范围内,二者的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数均随pH值的上升而增大,但与各自对照比较,在pH值3.0～4.0范围内,小麦的发芽势分别比对照降低了13.00%、6.98%、2.85%,降低程度大于玉米的9.91%、4.00%、1.97%;芽长和根长的抑制指数均随pH值的增大而降低,在pH值3.0～5.0范围内,小麦芽、根最大抑制指数分别是34.84%,87.36%,抑制程度大于玉米的抑制指数28.15%、80.26%。[结论]酸雨胁迫条件下,玉米各项指标的变幅均低于小麦,表明玉米种子的萌发抗酸雨胁迫的能力强于小麦。

[Objective]The theoretical basis of the evaluation of the crop loss caused by acid rain and the guidance of agricultural production was provided through the study on the effect of acid rain on wheat and corn seed germination and exploration of the degree of acid rain resistance of different plants. [Method]The effect of the solution of simulated acid rain with the pH value of 2. 0,2. 5,3. 0,3. 5,4. 0 and 5. 0 on wheat and corn seed germination was studied. [Results]The germination percentage of wheat and corn was 0 and 47. 62% ,respectively while the pH value was 2. 0. While the pH value was in the range from 2. 5 to 5. 0,the germination percentage,germination rate,germination index and vigor index of both crops were raised with the increment of the pH value; however,in the pH value from 3. 0 to 4. 0 the wheat germination rate was 13. 00% ,6. 98% and 2. 85% lower than these of its control,which extent was higher than these of corn（ 9. 91% ,4. 00% and 1. 97% ,respectively）. The inhibition index to the length of shoot and root was decreased with the pH value-increasing and in the pH value from 3. 0 to 5. 0 the maximum inhibition index to wheat root and shoot was 34. 84% and 87. 36% ,which was higher than these of corn（28. 15% and 80. 26% ）. [Conclusion] Under the condition of acid rain stress,the change value of the different indexes of corn was lower than that of wheat,indicating that the anti-acid rain stress of corn in seed germination was stronger than that of wheat.