28个小麦微核心种质抗叶锈性分析

Wheat Leaf Rust Resistance in 28 Chinese Wheat Mini-Core Collections

选取在成株期表现高、中、低抗叶锈性的28个小麦微核心种质,利用39个以Thatcher为背景的近等基因系(或单基因系)作为已知基因的鉴别寄主,接种8个小麦叶锈菌致病型进行苗期抗叶锈基因推导,结合成株期抗病鉴定,初步明确了这些品种(系)的抗性和可能携带的抗病基因。利用19个与Lr基因紧密连锁或共分离的分子标记,对28个微核心种质进行抗叶锈病基因的进一步鉴定,推测新克旱9号可能含有Lr17、Lr2b、Lr14a和Lr33;兴义4号可能含有Lr26、Lr36和Lr37;紫皮可能含有Lr2b和Lr34;大白皮含有Lr1;毕红穗含有Lr1、Lr10和Lr34;中优9507含有Lr10;小白麦、红粒当年老、老麦、蝉不吱、苏麦3号和车锏子含有Lr1和Lr34;红花早可能含有Lr1、Lr34、Lr14a和Lr2b;江西早、泡子麦、三月黄、有芒扫谷旦、阜阳红、成都光头和酱麦可能含有Lr34;敦化春麦和甘肃96可能含有Lr28;欧柔可能含有Lr34、Lr16、Lr11、Lr3bg和Lr33;此外,新克旱9号、兴义4号、红花早、红粒当年老、欧柔、有芒扫谷旦、成都光头、甘肃96、小红皮、定兴寨、中优9507和红冬麦中可能含有未知抗病基因;在这28份种质中,不含Lr9、Lr19、Lr20、Lr21、Lr24、Lr29、Lr35、Lr38和Lr47基因。研究结果表明,测试的微核心种质中含有比较丰富的抗叶锈病基因,可为育种提供丰富的抗源。

Leaf rust of wheat caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks. is an important wheat disease worldwide. Application of resistant cultivars is considered as the most economical, environment-friendly, and effective way to control this disease. Wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） core collections act as an important germplasm resource for resistance breeding to leaf rust in China. To evaluate the leaf rust resistance of Chinese wheat mini-core collections, we chose 28 accessions with a wide range of leaf rust reaction （R, SR, MS, and S） were chosen for resistance identification in seedling and adult stages and gene postulation. Thirty-nine near isogertic lines （or single gene lines） in Thatcher background with known leaf rust resistance genes were used as differential hosts. All genotypes were inoculated with eight pathotypes of P. triticina at seedling stage. The results indicated that Lr2b, Lr3bg, LrlO, Lr11, Lr14a, Lr16, Lr17, Lr20, Lr33, and some unknown resistance genes might exist in the 28 accessions. As revealed by 19 molecular markers closely that are closely linked or co-segregated with part of the known Lr genes, the 28 accessions from wheat mini-core collections were postulated to carry 13 resistance genes, such as Lr1 7, Lr2b, Lrl4a, and Lr33 in Xinkehan 9; Lr26, Lr36, and Lr37 in Xingyi 4; Lr2b and Lr34 in Zipi; Lrl in Dabaipi; Lrl, LrlO, and Lr34 in Bihongsui; LrlO in Zhongyou 9507; Lrl and Lr34 in Xiaobaimai, Hongli Dangnianlao, Laomai, Chanbuzhi, Sumai 3, and Chejianzi respectively, Lrl, Lr34, Lrl4a, and Lr2b in Honghuazao; Lr34 in Jiangxizao, Paozimai, Sanyuehuang, Youmang Saogudan, Fuyanghong, Chengdu Guangtou, and Jiangmai; Lr28 in Dunhua Chunmai and Gansu 96; Lr34, Lrl6, Lr11, Lr3bg, and Lr33 in Orofen; Besides, Xinkehan 9, Xingyi 4, Honghuazao, Hongli Dangnianlao, Orofen, Youmang Saogudan, Chengdu Guangtou, Gansu 96, Xiaohongpi, Dingxingzhai, Zhongyou 9507, and Hongdongmai may carry un-known resistance genes to leaf rust. However, the specific bands for Lr9, Lr19, Lr20, Lr21, Lr24, Lr29, Lr35, Lr38, and Lr47 can not be detected with the corresponding primers in the 28 accessions. This indicated that Lr9, Lrl9, Lr20, Lr21, Lr24, Lr29, Lr35, Lr38, and Lr47 were not present in the 28 accessions. The occurrence degree of leaf rust at adult stage showed that 17 of 28 tested materials may carry slow rusting resistance genes and adult resistance genes. The results also indicated that the resistance genes in response to leaf rust disease is relatively richer in the 28 Chinese wheat mini-core collections, and the Chinese wheat mini-core collections can be applied in breeding programs of leaf rust resistance.