应用事件相关电位技术考察构式因素在汉语加工过程中的作用

Event-related potential on the function of construction factor in Chinese processing

背景:近年来随着构式语法理论的兴起,构式因素在语言加工中所发挥的作用也日益引起人们的关注。但这些观点与人脑中的语言实际情况是否相符,换言之这些理论有无人脑的神经生理基础,则是需要神经语言学相关实验来验证的。目的:利用事件相关电位技术探讨构式因素在汉语加工过程中的作用。方法:年龄在21～24岁的18名以汉语为母语的在校本科大学生志愿者参与实验。刺激材料包括2种不同类型的汉语正确句和2种对应的错误句,共计176个句子。句子中每个单词呈现时间为300ms,刺激间隔为400ms,句子与句子之间的刺激间隔为2000ms。实验采用句子可接受性判断任务,要求被试尽量快和准确地判断屏幕上呈现的句子是否正确,并以左右手作出"对"或"错"的按键反应,同时记录被试的反应时和正确率。采用Neuro Scan公司64导电极帽10/20系统记录脑电,离线分析处理与汉语句子结构后期整合有关的LPC成分。结果与结论:在句末N400成分上两类结构句子没有差异;而在句末LPC成分上,不同结构句子诱发出不同的LPC,复杂结构句子的平均波幅高于简单结构句子的波幅。提示在汉语加工过程中,构式因素在不同结构句子的后期整合过程中发挥着重要作用,句末LPC成分可作为判断构式心理现实性的一个指标。

BACKGROUND： In recent years, with the rise of construction grammar theory, the function of constuction factor in language processing attracts more and more attention. However, whether these construction views agree well with the true situation in human’s brain, in other words whether these theories have neurophysiological basis requires verification by experiments of neurolinguistics. OBJECTIVE： To explore the function of constuction factor in Chinese processing with event-related potential （ERP） measures. METHODS： A total of 18 Chinese college students aged 21-24 years, were selected. There were 176 sentences as stimulating materials which included two kinds of correct Chinese sentences and two kinds of corresponding wrong sentences. Each word/character was presented for 300 ms with 400 ms interval. And the interval between two sentences was 2 000 ms. Subjects were asked to read each sentences presented on the screen and to decide whether these sentences true or false. The subjects responded by pushing buttons with left hand for ＂yes＂ and right hand for ＂no＂. The reaction time and accuracy were recorded. The brain electricity was recorded by American Neuroscan electric conduction evoked potential workstation. N400 was used as an index ofimplicit processing mechanism, and P600 was used as an index of explicit processing mechanism. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： There were no differences in N400 at the end of these two kinds of sentences, but as for LPCs, different sentence structures elicited different LPCs. The average amplitude of complicated sentences was higher than that of simple sentences. Results show that in Chinese processing, construction factor plays a very important role at the later integrating process of different structure sentences. Different structures elicit different LPCs at the end of a sentence. The LPCs at the end of a sentence can be used as an index to judge construction mental reality.