陕西柞水天然岩溶洞的地学成因浅析

An Analyse on Geological and Geographycal Causes of Formation of Natural Karst Caves in Zhashui, Shaanxi

通过野外实地考察及室内综合分析研究陕西柞水岩溶洞的分布特征、沉积类型、形成条件和形成过程及形成的地质时代估算。初步认为：以岩溶洞为主的各类岩溶地貌的发育主要是地下（表）水流长期溶（侵）蚀了距今约６００～４００Ｍａ前形成的寒武系—奥陶系碳酸盐岩石的结果；断裂地质构造和新构造运动抬升为溶蚀作用创造了极好的空间条件及溶洞的变位；佛爷洞、天洞及风洞主体形成始于距今约２．４６Ｍａ前的第三纪末期（Ｎ２）或第四纪早期（Ｑ１）。

Accoding to field work and comprehensive analysis and study of the Karst caves on their distributive characteristics, sadimentary types, developing condition and developing process as well as estimation of their geological age, It is initially concluded,that Karst caves and other secondly Karstic topography fromed mainly because water (or groundwater) permanently corroded (or eroded) carbonate rocks of ordovician～cambrian which formed before 600～400 Ma. Fault structures provided good space condition for Karstic action and neotectonic elevation for the displacement of Karst caves. Among the Karst caves, the main part of Buddha Cave, Sky Cave and wind Cave were formed in 2.46Ma, that was Late Neogene of Early Quaternary.