味经、崇实书院及其在传播西方科技中的历史作用

Weijing and Chongshi,Two Academies of Classical Learning and Their Historical Effect on the Dissemination of Western Science and Technology

从文献分析出发，采用历史考证的方法，系统论述了清末味经、崇实书院的创办历程及其在传播西方科学技术中的历史作用。研究表明，两书院在课程设置上，在陕西以至西北最早开设了天文、数学、测量、格致、地理、外语以及机械、农林、矿务、军事等西方新学，并刻印了不少时务新书和西方科技著作；书院还兴办实业，推广技术。这些科技教育和科技出版活动在引进和传播西方近代科学技术方面起了重要作用，培养了一大批具有近代科学知识和有志于革新变法的人才，这种改良书院的教学体制也为陕西建立新型科技教育奠定了基础。

The establishment and development of Weijing academy and Chongshi academy are stated and their historical effect on dissemination of western science and technology are discussed systematically by means of documental analysis and historical textual reseach. The article indicates that Weijing and Chongshi were the first two academies to have offered new western curricula such as astronomy, mathematics, measurement, geography, foreign languages, agriculture, forestry, military affairs and so no in Shaanxi and Northwest China. Meanwhile they pulblished a great many books on current affairs and western science. Moreorer they initiated industries and commerces, spread technology and trained special talents. All these played an important role in the introduction and dissemination of western science and techology. In fact this reform of teaching system laid a foundation for new type of education of science and technology in Shaanxi.