运动“弱链接”及其训练学应对路径分析

"Weak link" in Sports and Its Response to the Approaches of Athletic Training

通过文献资料法、专家访谈法,介绍了运动"弱链接"及其外在表现形式,分析了改善运动"弱链接"、促进运动"动力链"形成的竞技价值,初步探讨了改善运动"弱链接"的有效途径。得出如下结论:运动过程中的"弱链接"现象主要由于运动链上各环节或环节内部出现的肌力不足、疲劳、损伤引起的部分环节相对薄弱的现象;运动过程中的"动作不对称、代偿性动作、动作不稳定"可以作为判定运动过程是否存在运动"弱链接"现象;"加强专项力量、提高动作经济性、减少运动损伤"是"改善运动弱链接、加强动力链形成"的竞技价值体现;目前流行的加强功能性力量训练的训练理念可以作为建立改善运动"弱链接"方法体系的理论基础,并在此训练理念的基础上形成了本体感觉功能训练、悬吊训练等具体的训练方法,有效地解决了竞技体育中的"弱链接"现象。

Literature review and expert interviews were used in this article to introduce the concept of ＂weak link＂ during sports movement and its external manifestation formats,and to analyze the ＂weak link＂ in ameliorating movement and facilitating athletic value of the formation of ＂kinetic chain＂.Efficient approaches in improving movement ＂weak link＂ were also discussed.It was concluded that ＂weak link＂ in the sports movement was caused by the imbalance of muscle power,fatigue and injury at the weak sites of the body links;movement asymmetry,compensatory motion,and instable motion have been determined as the key points in detecting ＂weak link＂ in sports movement.＂intensifying particular muscle power,increasing economical aspect of motion,and reducing sports injury＂ have been agreed to be the realization of athletics value to ＂improve weak link in sports and facilitate the formation of kinetic chain＂,popular functional strength training theory and concept can be the theoretical basis to improve ＂weak link＂ in sports,and based upon this athletic training theory further more form the approaches such as proprioceptive sense training,and suspension training,and effectively resolve the ＂weak links＂ phenomenon in sports.