覆盖与底墒对丘陵旱地小麦产量与水分利用的影响

Effects of Different Mulching Material and Irrigation on Wheat Yield and Water Use Efficiency in Dry Land in Hilly Area of Sichuan Basin

受季节性干旱和土壤条件制约,四川丘陵地区旱地小麦产量常年处于不高不稳的被动局面,深入研究小麦节水栽培机理具有重要意义。覆盖与底墒对丘陵旱地小麦产量与水分利用的研究结果表明:①底墒是决定小麦出苗质量和分蘖进程的最重要的因素,到最高苗时,A2和A3分别比A1提高15.60%和15.25%;②底墒对小麦分蘖成穗能力的影响不显著,不同覆盖之间分蘖成穗能力差异显著,地膜和秸秆覆盖比不覆盖提高21.19%和24.06%;③底墒和覆盖处理下小麦产量存在显著性差异,但交互作用不显著,且底墒是影响小麦产量的最主要因数,足墒地膜覆盖增产30%以上;④底墒对小麦水分利用率影响不显著,薄膜覆盖和秸秆覆盖处理水分利用率分别比不覆盖提高20.82%和8.28%。因此,丘陵旱地小麦稳产高产的关键是足墒播种和保墒栽培。

Due to suffering from seasonal drought and soil condition,wheat yield in dry land was always lower and instability in hilly area of Sichuan basin.Therefore,the studies on mechanism of water-saving technology of wheat had the significant role.The effects of different mulching material and irrigation on wheat yield and water use efficiency（WUE） indicated that：（ⅰ）Initial irrigation decided basic seedling quality and wheat growth,and the top seedlings in A2 and A3 were increased by 15.60% and 15.25% compared with that in A1,respectively.（ⅱ）The effect of initial irrigation on wheat ear was not remarkable,but remarkable among different mulching material.Compared with no-mulching,plastic-film-mulching and straw-mulching increased wheat ear by 21.19% and 24.06%,respectively.（ⅲ）The wheat yield had remarkable diversity among different initial irrigation and mulching material,but the significant interaction effect was not observed.Initial irrigation was the main factor which affected wheat yield.The over 30% wheat yields could be increased by sufficient irrigation and plastic-film-mulching.（ⅳ）The effect of initial irrigation on WUE was not remarkable.At the same time,the wheat WUE could be increased 20.82% and 8.28%.by plastic-film-mulching and straw-mulching,respectively.Hence,sufficient irrigation and mulching cultivation was the key problem for wheat in dry land in hilly area of Sichuan basin.