茎瘤芥(榨菜)对播种期的响应及其筛选研究

Response and Filtration to Sowing Date in Tumorous Stem Mustard(Brassica juncea var. tumida Tsen et Lee)

以12个不同类型的茎瘤芥品种为试材进行了7个播期的分期播种试验,采用多元分析法研讨了茎瘤芥对播种期的响应与适应性。结果表明,①不同性状对播种期的响应程度不同,可分为敏感型、迟钝型和中间型等3种类型;②品种对播期的响应存在广泛的遗传变异,可将其分为4个不同的响应等级,其中三转子77和半碎叶两品种为稳定型,各性状受播期的影响均较小;③以营养生长期长短为熟性划分标准,不同熟性品种,对播种期的要求不同即熟性愈早,可适播种范围愈窄,对播期要求愈严格;并进一步分析提出在四川盆地茎瘤芥产区早熟品种宜9月中旬播种,中熟品种宜9月上中旬播种,而晚熟品种可依不同栽培目的在8月下旬至10月中上旬均可播种。

Based on the experiment 12 representative varieties and 7 sowing dates,response and adaptability to sowing date were analyzed by multivariate analysis in tumorous stem mustard.The results were as follows：（i）The different traits had the different degree response to sowing date and 10 traits could be divided into stable,sensitive and middle types according to its variation coefficient.（ii）There were broad genetic variations in response of the varieties included to sowing date and these varieties were divided into 4 different grades of stability based on the comprehensive evaluation index from multivariate analysis.Sanzhuanzi77 and Bansuiye belonged to strong stability type and variation coefficients of their traits were smaller.（iii）The different maturity varieties had the different request for sowing dates.Earlier maturity,narrower sowing range and stricter sowing date.Early maturity varieties could be sown in the middle 10 days of September,middle in the first or middle 10 days of September and late in the last 10 days of August to the first or middle 10 days of October in Sichuan basin according to culture aim.