城市快速路路面径流污染及其环境效应

Pollutant of Runoff from Urban Highway and Impact Assessment on Environment

在广州城市快速路代表性路段选择3个监测点开展路面径流监测.结果表明,广州城市快速路路面径流悬浮固体、化学需氧量和石油类等污染物浓度较高,氮、磷营养盐浓度较低;不同监测点路面径流污染浓度差异较大,主要受降雨特征、日交通量和道路周边土地利用等因素的影响.路面径流中的石油类、化学需氧量、五日化学需氧量、总氮、总磷、铅和锌等污染物已超过我国地表水环境质量标准Ⅲ类标准限值,若不经处理直接排入地表水,则可能造成受纳水体的水质污染.城市快速路道路旁径流排水口附近的土壤已明显受路面径流污染的影响,表层土壤有碱化、养分含量增加和重金属积累的趋势,路面径流污染给道路沿线土壤带来潜在的土壤理化性质不平衡和重金属污染的威胁.

Highway runoff often contains many kinds of pollutants with high concentration and is toxic. Three monitoring sites were selected to evaluate the quality of the runoff from urban highway in the city of Guangzhou. The results indicated that suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand and oil and grease were high, but the contents of nutritive salt were low. The concentration of the pollutants in the runoff was in significant variations at three sites, which is believed to be attributed to variability in storm duration, rainfall intensity, antecedent dry period, average daily traffic flow, land use and so on. Compared several key quality of constituents with the Class III standard limita- tions in the Environmental quality standards for surface water, the levels of oil and grease, chemical oxygen demand, five-day biochemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, lead and zinc in the runoff exceeded the lim- ited concentrations. Therefore, untreated discharge of the runoff from urban highway in Guangzhou could seriously deteriorate the water quality of receiving waters. The surface layer of soil in along highway had a change in nature and was polluted by heavy mental as a result of highway runoff discharge.