公共行政学中的话语分析:基于政治行政两分法争论的反思

Discourse Analysis in Public Administration:a Debate on Politic-Administration Dichotomy

话语分析以事件中的行动主体为中心,突出体现了对主体所处特定语境的关切,反映特定情境所蕴含的丰富的语意,明确行动者关注的问题和持有的主观意图。运用话语分析方法检视威尔逊关于政治与行政关系的思想,可以发现,针对19世纪末美国政府运作的低效、无能和腐败状况,他选择了改革的旗帜,通过聚焦政府的执行和操作、行政权力的统一和独立以及等级控制和约束,进而确保公共行政步入高效和良善的治理。进入作者认知世界的逻辑还提醒人们,不顾理论家所处真实语境的评述极易曲解原有思想。最后,话语分析方法要求自觉提升对真实世界中研究问题的敏感度,也即获取和积累本土知识的能力。

By means of discourse analysis,this paper reviews Woodrow Wilson and his thought about politic-administration dichotomy. Discourse analysis is characterized by focusing on the meanings of specific surroundings. It tries to reveal the intents and interests of the subjects. This paper deems that Wilson＇s idea is merely a response to the issues he puts forward in Congressional Government,his doctorial dissertation and then his first work. He pointed out the defects of congressional dominance in the government and consequently retorted to strengthen the executive branch and authority,as well as reign of political abuse,as presented in The Study of Administration. Furthermore,the discourse analysis calls for attention to the real problems in Chinese administrative practices and accumulation of Chinese administrative knowledge.