试论“不平等”与人类文明产生的关系

Brief Discussion on Relations Caused by "Inequality" and Human Civilization

前人曾以幻想、哲思和实证等方式,表达了人类史前社会的"平等"状态,那么,人类社会的文明时代是伴随着人际关系的不平等而产生的,"不平等"与人类文明互为因果。阶级和阶级剥削的产生使得社会剩余产品的出现成为可能,进而为创造更多的物质文明成果打下了基础,即物质文明产生于物质财富占有关系的不平等。政治文明的法理基础是在法律上确立人与人之间的平等关系,而其现实基础则是人与人之间的政治权利、政治地位的不平等,从而才使得人们有政治文明的诉求。精神文明是为解决人们道德、自由等领域的问题而出现的,具体到现实社会仍然关涉到人与人的不平等关系。无论是何种形式的文明,都是基于人们的现实需要而产生的。物质文明为其他形式文明的产生提供物质基础和保障,政治和精神领域的文明具有某种理想性和抽象性,也正因为如此,才引导人们为争取相互之间的平等和自由而做出不懈努力。

People described the ＂equal＂ status in prehistoric society by modes of illusion,philosophical thinking and positivism.However,human civilization accrues with the inequality in interpersonal relations,and there is reciprocal causation between ＂inequality＂ and human civilization.The coming of class and class exploitation make it possible for the social surplus of products,which further lays the foundation for creating more achievements in material civilization,i.e.material civilization is born in the possession inequality of material property.The legal principle of political civilization is to establish the equal relationship between individuals on legal terms,while its foundation in reality is the inequality between individuals in political rights and positions,causing appeals for political civilization.Spiritual civilization emerges to find solutions to issues in scopes of ethics,freedom and so on.In social reality,spiritual civilization still involves interpersonal inequality.All kinds of spiritual civilization come out on the basis of people＇s actual needs.Material civilization is the material basis and guarantee for the generation of other forms of civilization.Political civilization and civilizations in spiritual scope have some shades of ideality and abstractness,because of this,people are making unremitting endeavor to seek mutual equality and freedom.