鼠疫杆菌在自然生态环境保存状况的研究进展

Research Development of Yersinia Pestis Preserve in Natural Ecological Environment

〔目的〕了解鼠疫杆菌在自然生态环境保存状况,为鼠疫的预防控制提供依据。〔方法〕查阅鼠疫杆菌在自然生态环境保存的研究文献。〔结果〕全球已报道鼠疫杆菌染疫宿主动物和媒介生物有200多种,其中中国的染疫宿主动物有88种,染疫媒介生物有62种。鼠疫杆菌可在土壤中生存数周,可在跳蚤排泄物和尸体上以L形菌的形式在洞穴的基底物中长期存活,还可在大豆等植物的根系上保存。〔结论〕鼠疫杆菌可在动物、植物、土壤等环境中生存,在鼠疫监测时应考虑采集不同样本进行检测,以便尽早发现疫点。

Objective To study on the preservation of the Yersinia pestis in natural ecological environment,and to provide evidence for plague prevention and control.Methods The research literatures about Yersinia pestis preserve in natural ecological environment were consulted.Results More than 200 species of the host animals and medical vectors infected with the Yersinia pestis have been reported all over the world,among them there are 88 species host animals and 62 species medical vectors in China.Yersinia pestis can live for several weeks in soil,it was ascertained to survive as a L-form in the nest substrate infected with flea feces and carcasses for a long time,and can preserve in the roots of some plants such as soybean.Conclusion Yersinia pestis can preserve in animals,plants or soil environment.When monitoring plague we should consider to collect and detect different samples in order to discover epidemic focus earlier.