论政府在政策性农业保险中的地位和作用——兼论政策性农业保险的组织模式

On the Position and Function of the Government in the Policy-Related Agriculture Insurance

充分认识和准确把握政府在政策性农业保险中的主导地位以及合理界定和有效发挥政府的职能作用,是保证新一轮政策性农业保险试点成功的关键和基础。笔者在此从新制度经济学的视角出发,通过对建国以来我国农业保险发展历程的梳理和研究,揭示以政府为主导的农业保险制度变迁路径依赖形成的历史和现实必然性,并探讨政府在政策支持、财政补贴和组织创新等方面所应发挥的职责作用;通过对中外农业组织经营方式差异以及在此基础上所形成的不同农业保险模式的对比研究,提出政府主导下以商业保险公司为主的多元组织模式是比较符合我国国情的现实选择,在此前提下,从我国农业和农村发展的客观现实出发,认为政府不仅要参与宏观决策,发挥宏观调控职能,还要介入微观经营管理活动,发挥各级政府特别是基层政府对农业保险发展的协助和支持作用,以保障政策性农业保险的健康、持续发展。

Full understanding and accurate grasp of the dominant position of the government,as well as a reasonable definition and role of government functioning effectively,is the key to success and basis for the pilot of the new round of policy-oriented agricultural insurance. The author here,from the new institutional economics perspective,through the development of agricultural insurance in China since the founding of the carding process and research,revealed the government-led changes in the agricultural insurance system,the path dependence of historical and practical reasons,and to explore the function of policy making ,financial subsidies and organizational innovation By comparing the difference between Chinese and foreign countries agricultural organizations＇ operation patterns as well as the different agricultural insurance,the author proposed that the government-led insurance business under the business model is in line with the realistic choice of China＇s national conditions. And on this basis,from China＇s agriculture and rural development objective reality,the government should not only participate in the overall decision-making,its macro-control functions,but also involve in micro-management activities. All levels of government,especially those at the basic levels should play a special role in the assistance and support of development of agricultural insurance,in order to protect the healthy,sustainable development of the policy-oriented agricultural insurance.