自然保护区及周边社区利益主体的博弈分析

An Analysis of the Profit Body of Natural Reserve and Periphery Community Based on Game Theory

从自然保护区的相关利益主体的需求角度思考,通过构建一个博弈模型,对我国自然保护区周边社区生态经济协调发展存在的问题及解决方法从理论上做出探讨。结果显示:目前我国自然保护区与周边社区的利益存在矛盾,但从本质上来看是一致的,只是侧重点不同;自然保护区管理局经过多年的运行,逐渐从原来单纯的保护生态环境转变为开始考虑周边社区居民的经济需求,转变后的博弈模型是能够实现双方利益的最大化,最优解是管理局实施利益共享机制、社区居民采取建设性行为;要想确保实现模型的最优解,管理局不仅要首先采取利益共享政策,还要制定相应政策措施和激励机制,加强监管和实施力度。并由此提出了周边社区实现生态与经济协调发展的建议。

According to the demands of the profit body of nature reserve,and through the founding of a gaming model,the present paper discusses theoretically the problems existing and the solutions to coordinate ecological and economic development of the community besides the nature reserve,and draws the following conclusions：（i） There are contradiction between the management board of nature reserve and peripheral community at present,but the benefit of the two bodies is consistent on essence,with difference only in the emphasized keystone;（ii） The management board of nature reserve considers gradually economic demand of community residents from simple protection of ecological environment after running many years and the changed model is the optimum model,which can produce maximal benefit.The optimum model is that the board of management carries out the mechanism of sharing profits and the community residents take up a constructive attitude;（iii） To ensure the realization of the optimum model,the management board not only takes first the policy of sharing interests,and makes the profit which community residents get be higher than by destructive behavior,but also makes measures and incentive mechanism,strengths supervision and management,and brings forward corresponding suggestions based on coordinating ecological and economic development of the periphery community.