清镇市不同土地利用方式下土壤动物的群落结构

Analysis on Soil Animal Community Structure of Different Land Utilization Patterns in Qingzhen City

为了解典型喀斯特生态治理区并以喀斯特高原盆地为代表的土壤动物群落结构特征,在2009年8月对贵州省清镇市王家寨和羊昌洞2个研究区的灌草丛、玉米地、经果林、荒地、退耕地5种不同土地利用方式进行取样以研究土壤动物群落结构。共获得土壤动物1 606只,隶属3门11纲23目;分析了土壤动物种类组成、数量分布、多样性、均匀性、优势度及结构。从总体上看,常见类群为鞘翅目幼虫、鞘翅目成虫、双尾目、双翅目幼虫、膜翅目;优势类群为蜱螨目、弹尾目和近孔寡毛目。从不同土地利用方式所拾取的土壤动物个体数量分布看:灌草丛>退耕地>经果林>玉米地>荒地。不同土地利用方式土壤动物的常见种类和优势种类有所不同,结构特征存在明显差异。

1606 soil animals belonging to 23 orders,11 classes,3 phyla were collected from five different land utilization patterns of shrub-meadow,maize field,economic fruit forest,wasteland and abandoned farmland in Wangjiazhai zone and Yangchangdong zone in Qingzhen city,Guizhou to analyze species composition,quantities distribution,diversity,uniformity,dominance and structure of soil animal for knowing soil animal structure characteristics in typical karst ecological management areas based on Karst plateau basin in August,2009.In general,the common species communities are Coleoptera larvae,Coleoptera adults,Diplura,Diptera larvae and Hymenoptera and the dominance species communities are Acarina,Collembola and Oligochaeta plesiopora.The individual quantities distribution order of soil animals in different land utilization patterns is shrub-meadowabandoned uncultivated land economic fruit forestmaize fieldwasteland.There is significant difference in structure characteristics of soil animals among five different land utilization patterns.