从文化相对论谈意大利的民族群体及其识别

An Analysis of Italian Ethnic Groups and Their Ethnic Categorization from the Theory Perspective of Cultural Relativism

近年,少数民族问题在意大利再次成为人们热议的话题。欧洲与其毗邻区域在人类文化链条上的复杂性,对当地族群关系和少数民族在本国聚落的形成过程都产生了重大的影响。20世纪人口大迁徙,也使得欧洲各国的人口结构经历了一次转变过程。新来者的迁入与随带着的国家民族成分更改,对意大利当地社会和民族认同问题提出了最新的挑战。本文试图借用博厄斯的文化相对论,对现代意大利少数民族与新兴移民的民族识别进行理论分析,综述意大利近日的移民现状,并探讨当下由强有力的游说团体所主导的民族认同过程。

Cultural minorities have become a very hot issue in Italy in relatively recent times. The complex history of Europe and adjacent regions was one of the most important factors influencing the relationship between different ethnic groups and the settlement of these cultural minorities on the coun- try. In the early twentieth century the dozens of major migrations had profoundly altered the course of European History over the millennia. The people of European countries had been affected by some of these migrations. The most incisive factors were the influence of these newcomers over the national culture challenging to define and adjust its criteria for ethnic identification, and the impact on local communities＇ socio - cultural context. This paper attempts to take Boas＇ approach of Cultural Relativism as the focus point to analyze the ethnic categorization of historical minorities and ＂new minorities＂ in modem Italy, and to examine the identification process lead by the underlying political action of some powerful lobbies. It will also provide an overview on recent immigration phenomena, entailing its demographic, social and cultural aspects.