秋审制度中的实、缓、矜、留

Circumstance Deserving of Capital Punishment,Deferred Execution,Worthy of Compassion,Remaining at Home in The Autumn Trial

秋审制度是清代每年秋天举行的对各省斩监候、绞监候案件进行会审的制度。秋审的内容很完备,最后经过秋审大典的罪犯分为情实、缓决、可矜、留养承祀四类。情实的案犯,还要经过复奏和勾决程序,才能知其是生还是死,而缓决、可矜、留养承祀的案犯经过秋审后司法程序就结束了。

The autumn trial was the review to death penalty on probation cases of each province held in autumn each year. The eontents of it was very eomplete, through the big autumn trial ceremony, the prisoners were divided into four types： circumstance deserving of eapital punishment, deferred execution, worthy of compassion and remaining at home to care for the parents or to perpetuate the ancestral saerifiees. The first kind of prisoners must pass the procedure of re-reporting and emperor＇s crossing. To the other three kinds of prisoners, their autumn trial finished. Most of the third and the fourth kind of prisoners were commuted and the seeond kind of prisoners were also jailed, waiting the next year＇s autumn trial.