发展与困局:清代律例规制下的孤贫老人福利研究

Development and Dilemma:Welfare for the Elderly and Poor People Regulated in Qing Dynasty

清代通过律例规定了孤贫老人的福利保障范围,福利的供给方可分为官府衙门、家庭、官方主导的福利组织和民间福利组织四种类型,以"官—绅—民"型和"官—绅"型两种主要运作方式来保障福利政策的贯彻落实。"收养孤老"律例对孤贫老人福利供给有积极影响,但该律例在实施中也面临着理解偏差和执行难的问题,其实施效果不能盲目夸大。

Qing dynasty regulates the scope of welfare coverage for the elderly and poor through laws.Benefits providers could be classified into four types,government offices,families,government-oriented organizations and government-led welfare organizations and non-governmental welfare organizations and there are two major types ＂official-gentry-masses＂ and ＂official-gentry＂to ensure that welfare policies could by carried out.Despite the positive effect of ＂adopting the lonely and the old＂ on welfare for the only and the poor,the law also confronts problems as misunderstanding and difficult implementation in the course of implementation.Due to this,its effectiveness can not be blindly exaggerated.