民国时期救灾查放机制社会化研究——以1931年江淮大水为例

The Socialization of Flood Investigation and Relief Distribution Mechanism in the Republic of China:A case of Jiang-huai valley flood in 1931

1931年江淮大水作为民国救灾史的一个分水岭,出现了一些带有转折性的新变化。救灾主导权的国家化和救灾机制的社会化并行不悖,一方面中央政府成立了国民政府救济水灾委员会(以下简称"国水委")负责全流域的水灾救济工作,凸显了国家在救灾领域里的主导作用。另一方面,救灾机制又呈现出社会化的特点。无论是施救原则,还是程序规则和方法,"国水委"查放局和义赈查放机构均有千丝万缕的联系和相似性。同时,社会赈灾的主体性得到彰显,专家参与、民众监督、社会选择在查放机制上创新了渠道。

As a watershed of disaster history, the relief of 1931 flood has several transitional new changes. The nationalization of relief leadership and the socialization of relieving mechanism both enhanced. On the one hand, the central government established the national government relieving committee （Abbr. NGRC） to take charge of the whole valley relief work. On the other hand, the relief mechanism has shown outstanding socialization features, such as relief principles, procedures, methods, etc. NGRC shared more common ground with non- government relief organizations in the above principles. Furthermore, The subjectivity of the savior also enhanced by the way of participation, supervision, and choice.