儿童饮食行为问题的干预效果研究

Effects of intervention for children who have eating behavior problems.

【目的】研究经过干预后饮食行为问题儿童的行为改善情况,及抚养人饮食行为知识、对被抚养人饮食行为态度的改变。【方法】以上海市248名12～67个月的饮食行为问题儿童为研究对象,采用专家讲课、个别咨询及发放科学读物等措施,对其进行6个月的饮食行为干预,通过对抚养人的问卷调查,了解所有儿童干预前后的饮食行为改善情况,抚养人饮食行为知识、对被抚养人饮食行为态度的改变,就中期评估时的调查结果进行干预前后对比分析。【结果】经过干预,被调查儿童的饮食行为综合评分由基线的(19.63±5.25)分下降至(14.95±4.30)分,呈现明显的下降趋势,各项饮食行为评分也均有显著下降,抚养人报告儿童有挑食、偏食、厌食的比率分别从59.3%、51.6%、18.5%下降至34.3%、38.3%、4.8%(P=0.000),抚养人对儿童饮食行为问题的担忧程度下降(P=0.001),更多的抚养人选择通过行为矫正来解决儿童的饮食行为问题,对儿科医生在解决儿童饮食行为问题的信任度上较前有显著提高。【结论】通过综合的饮食行为干预,可以改善儿童的饮食行为问题,并丰富抚养人的饮食行为知识,改变其对被抚养人的饮食行为态度。

【Objective】 To investigate behavior improvements of children who have eating behavior problem after intervention and the improvement of caregivers on knowledge of eating behavior and their attitude to children. 【Methods】 The study population consisted of 248 children aged 12～67 months in Shanghai who had eating behavior problems and intervention such as expert lectures,individual consultation and scientific booklets was conducted during six months.Their caregivers were asked to completed the questionnaire about the children＇s eating behavior,their knowledge of eating behavior and attitude to children before and after intervention. 【Results】 The comprehensive evaluation of eating behavior problem declined from（19.63±5.25）to（14.95±4.30）and each item evaluation of eating behavior problem also obviously declined after intervention.Less caregivers reported their children were picky-eaters（P=0.000）and felt worried about their children＇s eating behavior problem（P=0.001）,while more caregivers trusted pediatrics and preferred behavior modification to solve children＇s eating problem. 【Conclusion】 Through comprehensive intervention,behavior of children who have eating behavior problems and their caregiver＇s knowledge and attitude should be improved.