渗灌对樱桃园土壤环境的影响效果试验研究

Study on Soil Environmental Effect in Cherry Orchard with Subsurface Irrigation

渗灌是一种新型节水灌溉技术,为了探讨渗灌对果园土壤环境的影响,促进渗灌节水技术在山区旱地果园中的推广应用,以代表北方土石山区典型区域的鲁中南山地果园为研究区域,通过对樱桃园渗灌和漫灌两种灌溉方式下土壤水分、土壤温度、土壤物理性状的测定,较为系统地研究了渗灌对樱桃园土壤环境的影响效果。结果表明,灌溉后7 d,渗灌土壤水分下降幅度为5.23%,而漫灌为7.13%,漫灌土壤水分损失较大;渗灌与漫灌相比,0~20 cm土壤层平均温度比漫灌高0.47℃,地上20 cm平均气温比漫灌高0.43℃;漫灌在1~0.05 mm范围内的土壤粒径分布由灌溉前的56.01%下降到43.69%,而渗灌没有明显变化;漫灌土壤容重增加了6.57%,总孔隙度减少了6.75%;漫灌土壤板结厚度达8.3 cm,灌溉4 d后,地面裂缝宽度5.0 mm,渗灌没有出现土壤表层板结和裂缝现象。

Subsurface irrigation is a new water- saving irrigation technique. An experiment site was established in hilly area of middle southern part of Shandong province to research the soil environment effect in cherry orchard with subsurface irrigation. The study contents included the differences of soil water, soil temperature and soft physical characteristics between subsurface irrigation and flood irrigation. Results showed that subsurface irrigation soil water changed gently; The soil average temperature was 0. 47℃ higher than flood irrigation in 0 -20 cm soil depth and air temperature was 0. 43℃ higher above 20 cm earth＇s surface ; The soil particle of subsurface irrigation was much more than that of flood irrigation in 1 - 0. 05 mm extension ; The soil particle of subsurface irrigation was much more than that of flood irrigation in 1 - 0. 05 mm extension ; Compared with before soil irrigation, soil density of flood irrigation was higher by 6. 57% and soil porosity decreases by 6. 75%, subsurface irrigation didnt change distinctness; In addition, flood irrigation made soil harden with 8.3 cm, soil crack with 5.0 mm, subsurface irrigation didn＇t have those phenomena.