精准农业在中国现代设施农业生产中的应用

The Application of Precision Agriculture in the Modern Facilities Agriculture of China

对精准农业在国内外的发展状况做了描述,并对精准农业在中国的现代设施农业生产中的应用做了介绍和展望。在发达国家,精准农业已经形成一种高新技术与农业生产相结合的产业,已被广泛承认是可持续发展农业的重要途径。21世纪初,精准灌溉技术在中国设施农业生产中逐步得到应用,先后开发出滴灌、渗灌、微喷灌、脉冲灌溉等灌溉设施,形成了调亏灌溉(RDI)、分根区交替灌溉(ARDI)和部分根干燥(PRD)等作物生理节水灌溉技术。在设施栽培中开发出的精准灌溉监控系统,实际应用表明该系统可使灌溉水的利用率由现在的45%提高到70%～80%,水分生产效率提高到2.0kg/m3,作物产量提高15%～30%。

The paper describes the development of precision agriculture in the world,and introduces the applicationo f precision agriculture in the modern installment agriculture of China.Precision agriculture has become ac ombination industry of high-tech and agricultural production in developed countries,which has been widelyr ecognized as an important way for the development of sustainable agriculture.In the early 21 st century,thei rrigation technology of precision agriculture has been applied gradually in the installment agriculture of China,withd eveloped drip irrigation,seep irrigation,micro spray irrigation,pulse irrigation,etc,and formed some water-savingi rrigation techniques by crop physiology moderating,such as Regulated Deficit Irrigation（RDI）,Alternate Irrigationo n Root-Divided（ARDI）and Partial Root Drying（PRD）.The precision irrigation monitor system has developed int he procedure of cultivation,and the practical application showed that the system could improve the utilizationp ercentage of irrigation water from 45%in present level to 70%~80%,water use efficiency increased to 2.0kg/m 3 ,crop production increased 15%~30%.