耐高压绝缘材料的研究现状及进展

Research Status and Progress of High Voltage Resistant Insulation Materials

从高导热、耐高温、环保型、纳米颗粒改性等方面对国内外耐高压绝缘材料的研究现状和进展进行了综述。高导热、耐高温绝缘材料方面国外多家知名公司保持着领先优势,国内虽取得较多的成果,其产品仅适用于中小型高温电机,不能满足高压大电机的使用要求。环保型绝缘材料方面,通过提高绝缘漆中的固体含量和降低粘度,减少有毒溶剂的含量,或用无毒溶剂及水代替,以达到环保要求。生物可降解绝缘材料及环境降解绝缘材料的可行性方面也进行了探索性试验。利用无机纳米粒子改性电气绝缘材料,不但能大幅度提高绝缘材料耐压和耐电晕等方面的性能,还提高了电机的使用寿命。

The status and progress of high pressure resistant insulation material at home and abroad were reviewed from aspects like high thermal conductivity, high-temperature resistance, environmental protection and modification of nano-particles. High thermal conductivity insulation materials can improve the efficiency of cooling system and decrease the energy loss of electric machines. Some famous foreign companies keep ahead in this field. Current domestic high-temperature resistant solventless insulating varnish can only be used in small and medium-sized generators instead of high voltage generators. Therefore this kind of material should be improved in either resin-rich or resin-less insulation systems. The toxic material problem in insulation materials should be resolved by improving solid content and reducing viscosity in insulating varnish. Another solution is to use innoxious solvent or water as solvent in insulating varnish. Exploratory experiments were made in biodegradable and environment degradable insulating materials. With inorganic nanometer particle-modified electrical insulation materials, not only can the breakdown voltage and corona resistance of insulation material be increased but also the service life of generator be extended. The hybridization of organic-inorganic materials can provide a method to solve the agglomeration of nanometer particles and improve the electrical property of insulation materials.