英国殖民初期缅甸山区行政制度研究

A Study on the British Administrative System of the Frontier Regions in Burma from Early Colonial Period

第三次英缅战争后,英国以殖民统治为目标,建立和完善了对掸、克钦、钦和克耶等山区少数民族的行政制度,其主要宗旨为:保留各民族原有的社会组织和经济体制、土司制度,维持当地民族上层原有的特权和地位,通过他们对山区实行间接控制和统治。这种政策以牺牲缅甸各民族之间的交流为代价,人为扩大了各民族之间的政治、经济、文化等方面的差距,使缅甸在构建多民族国家时面临着重大挑战。

Following the third Anglo-Burma war, British had established and refined an administrative mechanism over the Shan, Kachin, Chin, and Karenni minorities, hoping that could enhance their rule. The main purpose of this mechanism was to conserve the social and economic state and Sawphya bondage among those hill people. The policy had Sawphyas as agency to exercise indirect control over the minorities. Such a policy had a two-way effect on the ethnic relationship: the gap between the hill peoples and Burmans either in the sphere of political, economic, or in the cultural aspect was enlarged, and their future union was bound to face some insurmountable challenges.