阿尔都塞:意识形态特性的双重解读及其悖论

Althusser:the characteristics of ideology from two perspectives and paradox

阿尔都塞基于结构主义和唯理主义的立场和方法,从理论与实践两个层面揭示意识形态的特性:理论上,意识形态较之科学,在理论的基点、框架、实质、路径、作用上都具有虚假性;实践上,意识形态的客观性、永恒性、普遍性、强制性决定了其具有不可超越性。阿尔都塞的意识形态观,其去科学性、祛魅化、认知特征、国家机器等,都存在着理论的悖论。

Based on the positions and methods of structuralism and rationalism, Althusser exposited the characteristics of ideology from two perspectives： theoretically, ideology is relatively hypocritical in comparison to science in terms of theoretical bases, frames, essence, paths and roles; practically, ideology is not-transcendental due to its objectivity, eternity, universality and coerciveness. Theoretical paradox is manifest in Althusser＇ idea of ideology including de-scientificalness, disenchantment, cognitive characteristics, state apparatus and so on.