《三国志》“以·宾”结构考察

Study on the Structure of "以(Yi)·Object" in Sanguozhi(The History of the Three Kingdoms)

"以·宾"结构的发展演变是汉语语法史中值得研究的一个重要问题。对《三国志》"以.宾"结构的考察表明:"以"在宾前这一结构到《三国志》时已趋于稳定成型,到《搜神记》时则已经确立;《三国志》中"以.宾"结构的句法功能已趋于只作状语和补语,《搜神记》中则固定于作状语和补语;"以宾+动"中的谓语结构比"动+以宾"中的谓语结构复杂,且有继续发展的趋向;从上古到中古,"以"表"工具"有逐渐萎缩的趋势;中古时"以"引介"涉及对象"的用法被其他介词取代;"以"的固定用法体现出介词"以"进一步虚化的特性。

It is valuable to study the development of the Structure of ＂ 以 （ yi ） · object＂ in the history of Chinese grammar. According to the study on the structure in Sanguozhi （ The History of the Three Kingdoms）, the following conclusions have been made ： the structure with the character ＂以 （yi）＂ in front of object tended to have its steady form in Sanguozhi, and established in Soushenji; as to its syntactic function, it only had the trend of being an adverbial modifier and complement in Sangtwzhi, but the function fixed in Soushenji; the predicate structure in ＂ 以 （yi） object · V＂ was more complex than the predicative structure in ＂V ·以 （yi）object＂, and was developing continually; from the ancient times to the middle ages, the fuction of ＂ 以（yi）＂ expressing ＂tool＂ gradually shrank ; in the middle ages, the usage of ＂以（yi）＂ intruding related object was replaced by other prepositions ; the fixed usage of ＂ 以 （yi）＂ presented this preposition developing further into empty word.