机会不等与收入不均:城乡家庭收入的代际流动

The study of Relationship between Opportunity Equity and Income Inequality Based on Intergenerational Mobility

文章提出了机会平等的定义,并给出了二阶随机占优条件下的检验方法。在控制子女努力水平后,利用CHNS数据从代际流动的角度考察了基于家庭背景的机会不等对子女收入的影响。分位回归结果表明,随着分位数的提高,城乡子女收入差距越来越小,但由于机会不等而引起的差异却存在扩大的趋势。建议政府加强对农村教育的投入,提供更多就业培训,为农村子女的发展创造更多的机会。

The paper defines the equality of opportunity according to stochastic dominance criteria. Then, controlling the effort of the children, using the CHNS data set, the paper analyze the relationship between Opportunity Equity and Income Inequality based on Intergenerational Income Mobility. The result of Quantile Regression indicates the income-gap of children between urban and rural areas in China becomes smaller as the Quantile increasing, but the income-gap due to Opportunity Inequity also increases. Finally, some measures have been proposed. The Government should increase public education esources provision, create more occupational training etc, then provide more opportunities, improving intergenerational mobility.