宏基因组学在微生物活性物质筛选中的应用

Advance in the study of screening bioactive compounds from microbe by metagenomic library method

采用传统分离培养筛选微生物新活性物质的方法受到很大制约,自然界99%以上的微生物不能培养,其资源开发受到很大限制。环境微生物宏基因组技术应用避开了微生物分离纯培养问题,极大拓展了微生物资源的利用空间,增加获得新活性物质的机会和途径。本文着重介绍宏基因组的概念、研究策略包括DNA提取、文库构建与筛选等及在微生物活性物质筛选中的应用,并对宏基因组研究中存在的问题进行探讨。

It is reported that more than 99% microbe species were non-cultured or un-cultured by the traditional cultivation approach,which limits discovering novel biocatalysts（enzymes） and bioactive compounds from microorganisms. Metagenomic library method is a new orientation of the development of genetic engineering and studying uncultured microorganisms. Metagenome libraries were constructed with DNA extracted directly from samples and transformed to appropriate host. The libraries were screened in different strategies such as sequence-driven or function-driven screenings for different novel biocatalysts （enzymes） and bioactive compounds or interesting genes related to their synthases. Then,it provides a new strategy for seeking novel bioactive compounds and has amplified the space that microbe resource can be utilized,and enhances the opportunity of dicovering novel bioactive substances. The notion and methods of study in metagenome,including DNA extracting,libraries construction and screening were introduced in this paper.